Volume 12 Issue 9
Exploring the Role of Human Microbiome in Modulating Immune Responses: Implications for Autoimmune Diseases
1 Dr Mukhtar Ahmad, 2Dr Muhammad Rizwan Anwar, 3 Mohib Ali, 4Dr Mukhtar Ahmad, 5Karam Chaudhary, 6Umar Shahzad
| ABSTRACT: Background: The human microbiome has emerged as a key player in regulating immune responses. Its interaction with the host immune system is believed to influence the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, may contribute to immune dysfunction, leading to increased susceptibility to autoimmune conditions. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of the human microbiome in modulating immune responses and its potential implications for the development and management of autoimmune diseases. Methods: This observational study was conducted between September 2023 and August 2024, involving 80 participants diagnosed with various autoimmune diseases. Fecal and blood samples were collected to analyze microbial composition and immune markers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and flow cytometry were used to identify microbial diversity and immune cell profiles, respectively. The correlation between microbiome composition and immune response modulation was assessed using statistical analysis. Results: A significant alteration in gut microbial diversity was observed in participants with autoimmune diseases compared to healthy controls. Certain microbial taxa were found to be associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, while others were linked to regulatory immune responses. The results indicated that microbiome dysbiosis could exacerbate autoimmune reactions by promoting inflammatory pathways. In contrast, a more balanced microbiome composition was associated with enhanced regulatory T-cell activity, suggesting its protective role in autoimmune conditions. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that the human microbiome plays a critical role in modulating immune responses, with potential implications for autoimmune disease progression and management. Targeting microbiome restoration may offer a novel therapeutic approach for individuals suffering from autoimmune disorders. Keywords: Human microbiome, immune modulation, autoimmune diseases, dysbiosis, regulatory T-cells, microbial diversity |