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Abstract

Background: Workplace drug testing primarily relies on urine analysis, targeting multiple compounds with varying physicochemical characteristics. Biocompatible solid-phase microextraction (BioSPME) is a miniaturized solid-phase extraction technique that enables the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of analytes directly from the biological matrix. Methods: The BioSPME procedure consisted of the sequential extraction of 50-μl urine samples using LC Tips C18 in basic and acidic pH, followed by desorption with methanol and n-hexane, respectively. The extracts were analyzed by ultra-performance LC–MS/MS. Results: Intra-day precision was 1.2–8.6% and inter-day precision was 1.8–14.2%. Accuracy was 96.8–107.4%. The extraction yields were 62.8–109.4%. The matrix effects were -3.98% to 1%. Conclusion: BioSPME shows promise as an alternative method for preparing urine samples prior to drug measurement by ultra-performance LC–MS/MS.

Keywords:

  • BioSPME
  • drugs of abuse
  • UPLC–MS/MS
  • urine
  • workplace drug testing
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