ABSTRACT
Background: Placenta accreta poses significant risks to both maternal and neonatal health, often resulting in maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as neonatal complications. Understanding the short-term and long-term outcomes following placenta accreta is crucial for guiding clinical management and improving patient care.
Aim: This study aimed to analyze the short-term and long-term maternal and neonatal outcomes following placenta accreta, with a focus on factors such as maternal morbidity and mortality, neonatal complications, and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 120 cases of placenta accreta diagnosed between November 2022 to November 2023. Data were collected from medical records, including maternal demographics, mode of delivery, maternal complications, neonatal outcomes, and neurodevelopmental assessments. Maternal morbidity and mortality were assessed based on complications such as hemorrhage, infection, and organ damage. Neonatal complications included prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated using standardized tests at specific intervals.
Results: The study found that 70% of cases required emergency cesarean hysterectomy due to severe hemorrhage. Maternal morbidity was high, with 40% experiencing postoperative infections and 25% requiring blood transfusions. Maternal mortality was 5%, predominantly due to hemorrhagic shock. Neonatal complications were prevalent, with 60% of newborns requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Prematurity occurred in 35% of cases, and 20% developed respiratory distress syndrome. Long-term follow-up revealed neurodevelopmental delays in 15% of neonates, primarily in language and motor skills.
Conclusion: Placenta accreta is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as neonatal complications. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in minimizing adverse outcomes for both mothers and newborns. Long-term follow-up is essential for identifying and addressing neurodevelopmental delays in affected neonates.
Keywords: Placenta accreta, maternal morbidity, maternal mortality, neonatal complications, neurodevelopmental outcomes, retrospective cohort study.