1 Ali Raza, 2 Dr. Muhammad Idrees , 3 Mohib Ali , 4 Mobeen Ali , 5A Umar Khan
1Senior Consultant Physician, DHQ Hospital, Narowal
2PIMS
3PIMS
4PIMS
5PIMS
Abstract
Aim: This review is aimed to elucidate the influence of thyroid hormone imbalance on cardiovascular health in aging populations highlighting its importance, aetiology, and risk factors with potential therapeutic strategies.
Methods: This review integrates the available evidence from a systematic search of the literature on epidemiological and clinical trials. This review is based on longitudinal and population surveys that provide data linking thyroid function tests to cardiovascular outcomes or in the form of controlled trials, case control studies which explored outcome following use of exogenous TH replacement therapy. The paper also examines possible physiological mechanisms such as those related to lipid profile, blood pressure control, cardiac function and their interactions with other cardiovascular risk factor in aging.
Discussion: The results indicate that THs exert a profound influence on the cardiovascular system, effects which provide explanations for their well-established association with heart rate regulation and normal cardiac rhythm (tachycardias) as well consequences of hyperthyroid disorders. Older adults are vulnerable to the impact of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, imbalances in thyroid function that present specific cardiovascular risks from age-related changes on top gender differences resulting hormonal milieu. These involve screening based on guidelines, pharmacological therapies which include levothyroxine replacement therapy for hypothyroidism and non-pharmacologic interventions like changes to lifestyle behaviours aimed at improving cardiovascular risk.
Keywords: Thyroid Hormones , Cardiovascular Health , Aging Populations , Hypothyroidism.